.... Take Care Of Your Self.
HIV: Stands for Human immunodeficiency syndrome. HIV infection is when the individual has the virus in blood but may not necessary have any signs and symptoms. The virus is highly concentrated in semen, blood and vaginal fluids. HIV causes AIDS (Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).
WHAT IS AIDS?
AIDS: Stand for Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Acquired -got from the immune-body's defence system deficiency-lack of syndrome-collection of sign and symptoms.
MODES OF HIV TRANSMISSION:
✓ Having unprotected sex with an HIV infected person.
✓ Being in contact with infected blood.
✓ Sharing of sharp instruments which are contaminated with infected body fluids.
✓ Infected mother to her newborn baby.This can happen during pregnancy, delivery, and breastfeeding.
HIV IS NOT TRASNMITTED BY:
✓ Eating together or sharing food and eating utensils.
✓ Shaking hands or hugging.
✓ kissing on the cheek,hands,and or forehead.
✓ Coughing or sneezing.
✓ Being bitten by mosquitoes or otje insects.
✓ Sharing towel bed sheets or chothes.
✓ Using of public latrines or toilets.
✓ Sharing cocombs.
HIV LIFE CYCLE:
Binding and Entry HIV binds to the CD4+receptor and co-receptors on the host's CD4+cells via ligands gp 120
& gp 41. The HIV membrane then fuses with the CD4+cell membrane and the viral HIV core and stimulate the release of viral RNA and enzymes.
REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION:
The enzyme reverse transcriptase mediates the conversion of viral RNA to single stranded DNA which then undergoes replication to form double stranded HIV-DNA. This step is necessary to allow the HIV genome to be incorporated into the Hosts DNA.
INTEGRATION:
The viral DNA now enters the nucleus of the CD4+cell and then the enzyme integrase inserts the viral DNA into the CD4+cells DNQ.
REPLICATION:
The new integrated DNA is transcribed to RNA which is then translated in the synthesis of HIV proteins.
BUDDING:
After synthesis of all necessary viral components they are assembed into viron and extruded from the cell. The host CD4 + cell become damaged as a result.
MATURATION:
The viral are unable to infect other cell unless they undergo maturation. This is mediated by HIV protease, which cleaves the long viral proteins into smaller units. After reassembly the mature virons are now ready to infect new cells.
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS OF HIV:
✓ weigh loss less than 10% of body weight.
✓ Fungal nail infection.
✓ Recurrent oral ulcerations,angular stomatitis.
✓ Recurrent upper respiratory tract infection etc bacterial sinusitis.
✓ Unexplained recurrent diarrhea for more than 1 month.
✓ unexplaine prolonged fever,intermittent or constant, for more than 1 month.
✓ Kaposi's sarcoma(generalised).
✓ Cryptococcal meningitis.
✓ Oesphageal candidiasis,trachea,bronchi or lungs.
✓ Herpes zoster in patients below 50 years of age.
✓ Oral thrush in patient who have not received antibiotics in the past months.
✓ Oram hairy leukoplakia.
✓ Pulmonary tuberculosis within the past year.
✓ Severe bacteria infections such as pneumonia, pyomyositis.
✓ Fatigue and loss of appetite.
✓ Recurrent herpes simplex infections.
✓ Sores in or around the mouth or inthe genital area.
✓ Continuous or severe headaches.
✓ Unclear sight or other changes in vision.
✓ Vaginal discharge, vaginal burning or itching.
✓ Irregular menstrual bleeding or continuous abdominal pain.
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